The proportional analysis is continually explored in light of late medieval developments in mathematics and measuring systems, and in light of modern scholarly theories of proportion. Using Brunelleschi's basilicas of San Lorenzo and Santo Spirito as case studies, the author reveals multi-layered, late medieval proportional systems through his analysis of building measurements that he recorded from scaffolding, other observations of the built fabric, and a variety of documentary sources. Cohen challenges this and other longstanding preconceptions about proportional systems in the history of architecture. The notion that numerical proportional systems contribute to the serene, orderly appearance of the basilica of San Lorenzo has long stood as a virtual axiom of architectural history. By placing Brunelleschi and his work and visions within their historical context, this paper aims at studying his influence on architecture and engineering and explore whether he can be considered as the founder of the change in architectural typology from the gothic paradigm into the Renaissance. It will particularly mention facts about the Medici family who supported the art and architecture of the era while taking into account first hand accounts and primary sources, such as Brunelleschi’s biographer, Antonio Manetti, in order to answer fundamental question not only about the architect but about his era as well. From presenting the general frame of the Renaissance as an era and a philosophy, it embarks in closely examining the social and economical changes in Europe, Italy and of course the stage of Brunelleschi’s work, that is, Florence. More specifically, it examines the socio-economical framework of the Renaissance in order to explore how Brunelleschi’s work was connected to various factors, namely economical, geographical, social and cultural, that shaped his era. In an attempt to portray Filippo Brunelleschi, this paper aims at critically analysing his work and placing it within its historical context.
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